Before Your Trip

Your doctor can give you advice and arrange any immunisations and anti-malaria medication you need, or you can go to a specialist travel clinic. Either way, try to go at least two months before your trip - you might not be able to get all the immunisations you need in one go, and some take a while to become fully effective.

You may also need to start taking anti-malaria medication before you leave. If you're leaving in less than two months, it's still worth getting some medical advice: some protection is better than none. Tell the doctor or nurse where you're going, if you're pregnant (or thinking about getting pregnant) and whether you're taking children with you. You can get some anti-malaria medication from pharmacies without a prescription, so ask the doctor or nurse about the cheapest way to get what you need.

You can also get information about health risks from the embassy or high commission of the country you're going to, or online from the National Travel Health Network and Centre (Nathnac) and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO).

Make sure you've got all the immunisations you need for the country you're going to by checking the NHS immunisation website or asking your GP. If you haven't had diphtheria, polio or tetanus vaccines before, this is an ideal opportunity to get them. Even if you have had them before, you might need a booster dose. Some immunisations are available free for travellers under the NHS.

There may be a charge for other immunisations. Doctors can also charge you for signing or filling in a certificate.

Contraception: Make sure you have access to your preferred method of contraception while travelling. Talk to your GP or local contraceptive service before you go.

Prescription medicines: If you're taking prescription medicines, ask your doctor whether you'll be able to get them while you're away. If you can't, and the doctor can't prescribe enough for your whole trip, you'll have to pay for the medicines yourself at a pharmacy.

You'll also need to find out if there are any restrictions on taking your medicines in and out of the UK or the country you are visiting - some medicines available over the counter in the UK may be controlled in other countries, and vice versa. Ask the relevant embassy or high commission, contact the Home Office Drugs Branch on 020 7035 0472 or check the Home Office website.

You might need a letter from your doctor or a personal health record card giving details about the medicine. Always carry medicines in a correctly labelled container. If you're given any medicines while you're away, try to find out if it's legal to bring them back into the UK. If you're in any doubt, declare them at Customs when you come back.

First-aid and travel kits: A basic first-aid kit, with some plasters, insect repellent, antiseptic cream and water sterilisation tablets, won't take up much space and could be extremely useful. Depending on where you're going, you might also want to take an emergency medical travel kit with you. You can buy them in lots of places, including pharmacies and specialist travel clinics. The kits contain sterilised medical equipment, such as syringes, needles and suture materials. Ask the doctor or nurse to use them if you need treatment but are worried about hygiene.

If you are going to a remote area, you could also think about taking an intravenous giving set and blood substitute solution. Ask your doctor for advice. Emergency medical travel kits should be clearly identified, otherwise you might have trouble getting them through Customs. Don't carry loose syringes or needles without a letter from your doctor to explain what they're for.
Reducing the risk of DVT

Deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, is the formation of a blood clot in one of the body's deep veins (usually in the leg). DVT is rare, but sitting still for long periods of time in a plane, train or car can increase the risk. Do some simple exercises - rotate your ankles and wiggle your toes - and get up and walk around if you can. Stay hydrated with regular non-alcoholic drinks.

If you have ever had DVT or clots in your lungs, have a family history of clotting conditions, have had major surgery (especially a hip or knee replacement) in the last three months, suffer from heart disease, cancer or have ever had a stroke, you may be at increased risk. Ask your doctor for advice.

Health insurance
Making sure you've got adequate health insurance is essential. Even if you are going to a country that has a reciprocal healthcare agreement with the UK, you may still need to pay for medical treatment. None of the healthcare agreements cover the cost of bringing a person back to the UK in the event of illness or death. You must always tell your insurer if you have a pre-existing condition. Otherwise, you may not be covered.

Many companies offer health insurance for travellers. You can often buy policies online and prices are very competitive. But it is always worth checking with your travel agent, insurance company or bank to see if the level of cover being offered is adequate. If you are travelling on business, your company will probably already have insurance that covers you - but again, you should check to see whether it is adequate and whether you need to take out extra insurance. Some credit and charge card companies provide some insurance cover for cardholders. If you have this, check carefully to see what's covered and what isn't.

Before you leave, check the small print. If you have any doubts or concerns about what's covered by your policy, contact the insurer direct.
Is it safe to go?
Some countries - and some areas within countries - are not safe to visit. For up-to-date information and guidance, call the Foreign and Commonwealth Office advice line on 0845 850 2829 or check their website. Your insurance policy may not cover you for travel to dangerous areas.